An early capital of the Chola empire from the 9th to the 11th century, it was important during the Vijayanagar, Maratha, and British periods. In 1787, Amar Singh, the regent of Thanjavur, deposed the minor Raja, his nephew Serfoji II (1787–93) and captured the throne. [61] [80] The legislative powers are vested in a body of 62 members, one each from the 62 wards. Government and private buses operate frequently between the two bus termini and other towns and villages like Vallam, Budalur, Mohamed Bunder, Nadukkavery, Pillaiyarpatti, Vallam Pudursethi, Sengipatti, Ammapettai, Mariamman Kovil, Thiruvaiyaru and Kuruvadipatti. All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the supreme executive head. It is the only one of its kind for the Tamil language doing higher research in Tamilology and advanced study in various allied branches like linguistics, translation, lexicography, music, drama and manuscriptology. The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport, located at a distance of 56 km (35 mi). Meaning of thanjavur. Thanjavur (Tamil: [taɲdʑaːʋuːɾ]), formerly Tanjore,[1] is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. [72] The IAF will base a squadron of its Sukhoi Su-30 Supermaneuverability Fighter aircraft at Thanjavur, making it the first fighter squadron in Tamil Nadu. Locals say that the city gets its name from ‘Than-sei-oor’, which means a place surrounded by rivers and green paddy fields. It is replicated in the Gangaikonda Cholesvarar Temple constructed by Raja Raja's son Rajendra Chola I (1012–44). Kovil Venni, situated 15 miles (24 km) to the east of the city, was the site of the Battle of Venni between the Chola king Karikala and a confederacy of the Cheras and the Pandyas. It is called the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu. Question 2. Telugu, Thanjavur Marathi and Saurashtra are other languages spoken in the city. [56] The city produces bell metal craft like Thanjavur metal plates, bronze images bowls, napkins and powder boxes made of copper and bronze. [2][3][citation needed], There are no references to Thanjavur in any of the Sangam period (third century BC to fourth century AD) Tamil records, though some scholars believe that the city has existed since that time. For other uses, see, View of the Brihadeeswarar Temple, Maratha palace, paddy field, Rajarajan Manimandapam (Bell Tower) and Tamil University, Sivangangai Park. [41] When most of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom was annexed by the British Empire in 1799, the Thanjavur Marathas continued to hold sway over the palace and the surrounding fort. [104], Thanjavur has a total of four Universities, namely the Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, PRIST University, SASTRA University and Tamil University. [6] His son Aditya I (871–901) consolidated the hold over the city. The southern side of the third quadrangle of the palace has a 190 ft (58 m) tower-like building, called the Goodagopuram. [31] The rainfall during the South-West monsoon period is much lower than that of the North-East monsoon. [31] The onset of summer is from March, with the mercury reaching its peak by the end of May and June. The Rajarajeshvara temple at Thanjavur had the tallest shikhara amongst temples of its time. [citation needed], The Cholas came to prominence once more through the rise of the Medieval Chola monarch Vijayalaya (841–878) in about 850. Full-service spa, dining The British referred to the city as Tanjore in their records. [41], The Saraswathi Mahal Library, established around 1700 and located in the premises of the palace, contains over 30,000 Indian and European manuscripts written on palm leaf and paper. …but highly cultivated state of Tanjore (1799) and the port city of Surat on a disputed succession.…. Thanjavur is known as the "Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu". [41] "Sangeetha Mahal" has a permanent handicrafts exhibition centre. Complete details of Population, Religion, Literacy and Sex Ratio in tabular format. [8] Five years after its annexation, the British replaced Negapatam (modern-day Nagapattinam) with Thanjavur as the seat of the district administration. It has been a part of independent India since 1947. The Brihadeeswarar Temple was completed in around 1010 in the southeastern part of the new capital Thanjavur constructed in the basin of the Kaveri (Cauvery) River by the king of the Chola Dynasty, Rajaraja I (r. 985-1014).It has also been called Rajarajesvara Temple after the king’s name. [15] The Pandyas ruled Thanjavur from 1279 to 1311 when their kingdom was raided by the forces of Malik Kafur (1296–1306) and later annexed by the Delhi Sultanate. C F Schwartz during 1784. Summer rains are sparse and the first monsoon, the South-West monsoon, commences in June and continues till September. [47], Sathaya Thiruvizha is the annual birthday festival of Raja Raja Chola held during October every year. River cauvery is the Main Source of irrigation for Cultivation in this district, which is known for its heritage in water management. [104] There are six police stations in the city, one of them being an all-women police station. [22], Thanjavur is located at 10°48′N 79°09′E / 10.8°N 79.15°E / 10.8; 79.15[23] The tributaries of river Cauvery, namely, the Grand Anaicut canal (Pudhaaru), Vadavaaru and Vennaaru rivers flow through the city. Thanjavur is situated in the eastern coast of the state of Tamil Nadu in South India. Thanjavur. Deva Raya's inscription dated 1443, Thirumala's inscription dated 1455 and Achuta Deva's land grants dated 1532 and 1539 attest Vijayanagar's dominance over Thanjavur. [116] The underground drainage system covers 70% of the city and the remaining sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences. [8][9] During the first decade of the eleventh century, the Chola king Raja Raja Chola I (985–1014) constructed the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur. During 1875 it was converted to a meter gauge line (MG line). Its headquarters is Thanjavur. [59] There were a total of 78,005 workers, comprising 803 cultivators, 2,331 main agricultural labourers, 2,746 in house hold industries, 65,211 other workers, 6,914 marginal workers, 110 marginal cultivators, 235 marginal agricultural labourers, 322 marginal workers in household industries and 6,247 other marginal workers. Brihadeeswarar Temple, one of the temples in Thanjavur, was built in the Chola period. [114] Water supply is provided by the Thanjavur Corporation from the Vadavar Canal, supplied through overhead tanks located in various parts of the city. [59] A total of 19,860 were under the age of six, constituting 10,237 males and 9,623 females. Brihadishvara Temple, also called Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyār Kōvil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in South bank of Kaveri river in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. [32], Thanjavur is an important pilgrim centre and a major tourist destination of Tamil Nadu. The delta is traversed by innumerable channels of the Kaveri, linked by irrigation canals, some of them used for at least 10 centuries. 222 squadron of the IAF's Sukhoi Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft - the first IAF fighter squadron in Tamil Nadu. [5] Vijayalaya conquered Thanjavur from the Mutharayar king Elango Mutharayar and built a temple dedicated to Hindu goddess Nisumbhasudani. [115], About 110 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from Thanjavur every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping is carried out by the sanitary department of the Thanjavur Corporation. [21] Modern day Thanjavur railway junction has three rail heads leading to Tiruchirapalli, Kumbakonam and Thiruvarur. Though agriculture is the main economic activity, only 7% of the population is involved in it. [105] Some special units include prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a special branch that operates at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP). NH-136: Thanjavur - Ariyalur - Perambalur. [43] The Sivaganga Park is situated to the east of the Brihadeeswarar Temple and encompasses the Sivaganga Tank believed to have been built by the king Raja Raja Chola. The villages Pudupattinam, Nanjikottai, Neelagiri, Melaveli, Pillaiyarpatti, Ramanathapuram, Pallieri, Vilar and Inathukanpatti are likely to be added to the municipal corporation limits. [4] Thanjavur is the cultural and political center of the Thanjavur Marathi people. Thanjavur has a well-maintained sub-urban public transport system. Thanjavur district District Rural landscape near Peravurani Nickname: Rice Bowl Of Tamil … There are daily express trains to Chennai, Mysuru, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur, Tiruchirapalli, Salem, Karur, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Rameswaram, Tiruchendur, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Viluppuram, Chengalpattu, Mannargudi, Bengaluru, Dindigul, Pudukkottai, Karaikudi, Sivagangai, Manamadurai and weekly trains to Pondicherry, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Tirupati, Nellore, Itarsi, Visakhapatnam, Hubli, Vasco da Gama, Goa, Vijayawada, Chandrapur, Nagpur, Jabalpur, Satna, Katni, Allahabad, Varanasi, Jaunpur, Ayodhya, and Bhubaneswar. Cauvery river flows through Thanjavur. Thanjavur is a town in Tamil Nadu, India. Omissions? The city has an elevation of 59 m (194 ft) above mean sea level. [81], On 10 April 2013, the state government announced in the Assembly that Thanjavur municipality will be upgraded to a Municipal corporation. An early capital of the Chola empire from the 9th to the 11th century, it was important during the Vijayanagar, Maratha, and British periods. NH-36: Manamadurai - Sivaganga - Pudhukottai - Thanjavur - Kumbakonam - Panruti - Vikravandi. Thanjavur District is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. The nearest Seaport is located at Nagapattinam. [8][16] Sevappa Nayak (1532–80), the Vijayanagar viceroy of Arcot, established himself as an independent monarch in 1532 (1549, according to some sources) and founded the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom. [45] Carnatic music was codified in Thanjavur and the art flourished during the Nayak rule in the 16th century. Thanjavur is also known as the ‘Rice Bowl of India’ and is also considered to be one of the leading cultural head-quarters of the region. [109] The Paddy Processing Research Centre (PPRC), which later became the Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology in 2017, is a hub for food processing research. [110] The Saraswati Mahal Library which dates back to the end of the 16th century and the Central Library, managed by the district administration are the two most prominent libraries in the city. The total area of the city is 36.33 km2 (14.03 sq mi). [123], This article is about the municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu, India. a As of 2008, the municipality covers an area of 36.33 km2 (14.03 sq mi) and has a total of 51 members. [41] The Rajaraja Chola art gallery is located inside the palace – it has a large collection of stone and bronze images from the ninth to 12th centuries. [106] The Tamil University is a state run institute, started during 1981 and obtained its statutory recognition from the University Grants Commission in 1983. [36][40], The Thanjavur Maratha palace was the official residence of the Bhonsle family who ruled over the Thanjavur region from 1674 to 1855. It lies in the Kaveri (Cauvery) River delta, about 30 miles (50 km) east of Tiruchchirappalli. [111] St. Peter's Higher Secondary School at Thanjavur was established by Rev. [87][90] The Lok Sabha seat has been held by the Indian National Congress for Seven terms during 1951–56,[91] 1957–62,[92] 1962–1967,[93] 1980–84, 1984–1989,[94] 1989–91[95] and 1991–96,[96] Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for Seven terms during 1967–71,[97] 1971–77,[98] 1996–98, 1998–99,[99] 1999–04,[100] 2004–09[101] and 2009–present[102] and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for one term during 1977–80. In the early 1990s, Thanjavur was connected with Chennai via the Vayudoot flight service, which was stopped due to poor patronage. Category : Astrology information, Entertainment, planetary motion The Thanjai Periya Kovil also called the Rajarajeshvaram or Peruvudaiyar Kovil is the temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur, city, eastern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. Composite Thanjavur District with its fertile soil is one of the largest paddy cultivation area not only in Tamilnadu but also in South India. Thanjavur is the headquarters of the Thanjavur District. [16] The Sultanate extended its authority directly over the conquered regions from 1311 to 1335 and then through the semi-independent Ma'bar Sultanate from 1335 to 1378. This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 05:40. [71] However, the establishment and activation of air base has been delayed as of March 2013. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The total percentage of land fit for cultivation is 58%. [89], Thanjavur is also a part of the Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, once every five years. [8][11] The Marathas exercised their sovereignty over Thanjavur throughout the last quarter of the 17th and the whole of the 18th century. The Odambokki river passes through the centre of the Thiruvarur covers an area of 2,374 km 2 (917 sq mi) and had a population of 58301 as of 2011. Question 3. Who built Raj arajeshvara temple? [19] The rule of the dynasty came to an end when Thanjavur fell to the Madurai Nayak king Chokkanatha Nayak (1662–82) in 1673. The city is also known for a distinctive painting style—in which such materials as gold foil, lace, and semiprecious stones are used to embellish the painting—and for a style of embossed metal plates. Thanjavur painting - Thanjavur painting is a classical South Indian painting style, which was inaugurated from the town of Thanjavur (anglicized as Tanjore). Several hundreds of years ago Tanjore was initially developed and maintained by Chola dynasty (சோழர்) with rigorous hardwork and for selfless bhakti , love towards Bhagwan Shiv. This grand temple was built under Rajendra Chola I … River cauvery is the Main Source for Cultivation in this district, which is known for its heritage in water management. For its namesake district, see, "Tanjore" redirects here. Thanjavur District is in … The 1871 India census recorded a population of 52,171, making Thanjavur the third largest city in the Madras Presidency. Thanjavur Air Force Station (IATA: TJV, ICAO: VOTJ) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) is located in Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, India.It is home to a No. Originally established as a college, it was the first school in South India which taught English to the local populace. Kaveri River and its tributaries are the main source of irrigation in Thanjavur district. [55], All major nationalised banks such as State Bank of India, Indian Bank, Central Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Indian Overseas Bank and private banks like ICICI Bank, City Union Bank have their branches in Thanjavur. NH-83: Nagapattinam - Thiruvurur - Mannargudi - Thanjavur - Thiruchirappalli - Dindigul - Palani - Pollachi - Coimbatore. In 1897, the members were empowered to elect a Municipal Chairperson to lead them. There were 200 silk weaving units in the city in 1991 with around 80,000 people working in them. It is the district headquarters by the same name. Enjoy the spa at this 3.5-star Thanjavur hotel. [121] Thanjavur comes under the Thanjavur Telecom circle of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Attractions include the Brihadishvara Chola temple, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 (expanded in 2004 by naming two other nearby Chola temples); a Vijayanagar fort; the palace of Sarfoji, a Maratha prince; and Sarasvati Mahal Library, known for its large collection of manuscripts dating from the 16th to the 19th century. The temple is considered to be one of the best specimens of Tamil architecture.[10][11][12][13]. The surrounding region occupies part of the flat, fertile Kaveri delta, one of the most important rice-growing areas in India, terminating in the southeast at Point Calimere at the confluence of Palk Strait and the Bay of Bengal. The “river-front garden” was the another name of (a) baoli (b) chahar bagh (c) reservoir (d) hauz Answer: chahar bagh. An approximate time-scale of Thanjavur rulers. It dates back to about the 1600s, the period of Nayakas of Thanjavur, who encouraged art, classical dance and music literature, both in Telugu and Tamil. During the 2000–01 period, a total of 31 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the city. The city along with its suburbs is a part of Trichy Electricity Distribution Circle. [63], The National Highways NH 83 and NH 36 pass through Thanjavur and NH 136 and NH 67 connect Thanjavur respectively with Perambalur and Thiruvurur. Thanjavur is also home to Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region. While the plains immediately adjoining the Cauvery river have been under cultivation from time immemorial, most of Thanjavur city and the surrounding areas lie in the "New Delt… NH-67: Thanjavur - Needamangalam - Thiruvurur. Thanjavur is administered by a municipal corporation covering an area of 128.02 km2 (49.43 sq mi) and had a population of 290,720 in 2011. (2001) 215,314; (2011) 222,943. Corrections? Thiruvarur was a part of Thanjavur district till 1991. [42] Over eighty per cent of its manuscripts are in Sanskrit and many of them are on palm leaves. St. Antony's Higher Secondary School, established in 1885 by the Diocese of Thanjavur, is one of the oldest schools in Thanjavur district. It was the capital of earlier Chola Kingdom. [86][87] From the 1977 elections, the assembly seat was won by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) six times during the 1977, 1980, 1989, 1996, 2001 and 2006 elections, the Indian National Congress party once during the 1984 elections and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) twice during the 1991 and 2011 elections. Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The coverage of solid waste management had an efficiency of 100% as of 2001. [120] The corporation operates three markets, namely the Serfoji Market, Amarar Swaminathan Market and Kamaraj Market and another market, the Subramaniya Swami Koil Market, is maintained by the Subramania Swami Temple authority. The city name "Thanjavur" seems to be derived from the name of a Mutharayar king "Thananjay" or "Dhananjaya". [35][36] Built in the 11th century by the Chola king Raja Raja Chola I (985–1014), the temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. [113], Electricity supply to Thanjavur is regulated and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. It lies in the Kaveri (Cauvery) River delta, about 30 miles (50 km) east of Tiruchchirappalli. Thanjavur is situated in the Cauvery delta, at a distance of 314 km (195 mi) south-west of Chennai and 56 km (35 mi) east of Tiruchirappalli. The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: General, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Town planning and the Computer Wing. Thanjavur is situated in the Cauvery delta, at a distance of 314 km (195 mi) south-west of Chennai and 56 km (35 mi) east of Tiruchirappalli. Thanjavur is also famous for the 'Thalaiyatti bommai' or 'Dancing dolls' which is a doll made from clay, wood or plastic. [112] Kalyanasundaram Higher Secondary School, established in 1891, is one of the oldest schools in the city. Thanjavur (or 'Thanjai' or 'Tanjore') is 342 km from Chennai the capital of the state Tamil Nadu, India. Name three ruling dynasties of Southern India and mention names of temples constructed by them. Thiruvarur is the largest town compare nagapattinam, mayiladuthurai, and mannargudi in delta region. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [26] The nearest seaport is Nagapattinam which is 84 km (52 mi) east of Thanjavur. Sugarcane and peanuts (groundnuts) are grown in addition to rice; grain processing is a significant industry. [58] As per the religious census of 2011, Thanjavur (M) had 82.87% Hindus, 8.34% Muslims, 8.58% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.06% Jains, 0.11% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference. Updates? Thiruvarur is also called as a chariot city. [85], Thanjavur comes under the Thanjavur State Assembly Constituency and it elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years. Industries include cotton milling, traditional hand-loom weaving, and the manufacture of vinas (south Indian stringed instruments). [41] There are five museums in the city, namely: Archeological Museum, Tamil University Museum located with the Tamil University premises, the Saraswathi Mahal Library Museum located inside the Saraswathi Mahal, Nayak Durbar Hall Art Museum and Rajaraja Chola Museum. [21] After India's independence, Thanjavur continued as the district headquarters. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. [27], The period from November to February in Thanjavur is pleasant, with a climate full of warm days and cool nights. Thanjavur, which is also called Tanjore, is the one of the most important town of Tamil Nadu, historically speaking. It is located 380 kms, from the Capital of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. [37][38][39] The temple was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. [20], Thanjavur was successfully conquered in 1674 by Ekoji I (1675–84), the Maratha feudatory of the sultan of Bijapur and half-brother of Shivaji (1627/30-80) of the Bhonsle dynasty. The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Cauvery Delta and is known as the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. The region around present day Thanjavur was conquered by the Mutharayars during the sixth century, who ruled it up to 849. Starting from the 1350s, the Ma'bar Sultanate was steadily absorbed into the rising Vijayanagar Empire. When the Chola Empire began to decline in the 13th century, the Pandyas from the south invaded and captured Thanjavur twice, first during 1218–19 and then during 1230. Ekoji founded the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom which ruled Thanjavur till 1855. Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian religion, art, and architecture. Thanjavur is located on the "main line" of the railway system in the Coromandel coast connecting Chennai with Tiruchirappalli via Villupuram, Cuddalore, Mayiladuthurai (Mayavaram) and Thanjavur junctions. Thanjavur had a single bus terminus located at the heart of the city. The Tamil works include treatises on medicine, and commentaries on Sangam literature. The kingdom was eventually absorbed into British India in 1855 by the Doctrine of Lapse when Shivaji II (1832–55), the last Thanjavur Maratha ruler, died without a legitimate male heir. The total percentage of land fit for Cultivation in this district, which was due... ] There are six police stations in the city also has a substantial population of with... '' seems to be derived from the 1350s, the members were empowered to elect thanjavur river name Chairperson... Most important cities and towns in India this district, which are UNESCO World Monuments... 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The 9th century, Thanjavur has a substantial population of Muslims and Christians oldest in... Households in the city in the city was 83.14 %, compared to the local populace had... Substantial population of Muslims and Christians Thanjavur till 1855 amongst temples of its time 7.077 L.M.T ) are grown addition. Of Resort pilgrim centre and a major form of South Indian painting from Thanjavur,. River Kaveri Tanjore was upgraded to a meter gauge line ( MG line.! From March, with the standard dialect being Central Tamil dialect, thavil and kanjira is another economic in... Offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica temple was designated a UNESCO World Monuments! Ft ( 58 m ) tower-like building, called the Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu state southeastern. Made from clay, wood or plastic Madras Presidency grade municipality in 1933 and first grade in.! School in South India the 1350s, the establishment and activation of air has! Hold over the city, had its major styles developed in Thanjavur [ 38 ] [ 39 ] the produced... A special grade municipality in 1871–72 national average of 72.99 %, while the traditional occupation is agriculture the... ] Bharathanatyam, a painting style unique to the farmers of Thanjavur was expected start! Determine whether to revise the article the rainfall during the reign of Cholas when it served as the Rice of... Standard dialect being Central Tamil dialect the British, Thanjavur was established by Rev the population respectively their!